3500 words in 40 short articles

loose
not firmly held or fastened in place

dusty
covered in dust

curtain
a piece of material, especially cloth, that hangs across a window or opening to make a room or part of a room dark or private

overcoat
a long thick coat worn in cold weather

suitcase
a large, rectangular container with a handle, for carrying clothes and possessions while travelling

dusk
the time before night when it is not yet dark

thunder
the sudden loud noise that comes from the sky especially during a storm

lightning
a flash of bright light in the sky that is produced by electricity moving between clouds or from clouds to the ground

nag
to criticize or complain often in an annoying way, especially in order to try and make someone do something

swap
to give something and be given something else instead

series
a number of similar or related events or things, one following another

set down
to write or print something, especially to record it in a formal document

highway
a public road, especially an important road that joins cities or towns together

voyage
a long trip, especially by ship

frequently
often

fluently
If you speak a language or read fluently, you speak or read easily, well, and quickly

block
the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it, or one part of a street like this, especially in a town or city

be fond of
to like someone or something very much; to like doing something

determined (adj.) determine (v.)
wanting to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties to stop you

temple
a building used for the worship of a god or gods in some religions

transport

1. the movement of people or goods from one place to another
2. a system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, aircraft, etc. for getting from one place to another

fare
the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train

stubborn
A stubborn person is determined to do what he or she wants and refuses to do anything else.

shortcoming
a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard

make up her mide
to decide

give in
to finally agree to what someone wants, after refusing for a period of time

forecast
a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation, or the expected weather conditions

insurance
an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc.

altitude
height above sea level

bend
a curved part of something

valley
an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it

parcel
a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

wool
the soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals

flame
a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire

cave
a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or mountain, or one that is underground

go out
If a light or something that is burning goes out, it stops producing light or heat.

well
a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas

canal
a long, thin stretch of water that is artificially made either for boats to travel along or for taking water from one area to another

brick
a rectangular block of hard material used for building walls and houses

dam
a wall built across a river that stops the river’s flow and collects the water, especially to make a reservoir (= an artificial lake) that provides water for an area

track
the pair of long metal bars fixed on the ground at an equal distance from each other, along which trains travel

bar
a long, thin, straight piece of metal or wood

mine
a hole or system of holes in the ground where substances such as coal, metal, and salt are removed

burst
to break open or apart suddenly, or to make something do this

let out
to cause something to come out

smelly
having an unpleasant smell

steam
the hot gas that is produced when water boils

crack
a very narrow space between parts of something

trap
If someone or something is trapped, that person or thing is unable to move or escape from a place or situation.

cyclist
someone who rides a bicycle

outline
a description of the main facts about something

disaster
(an event that results in) great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty

extreme
very large in amount or degree

suffering
physical or mental pain that a person or animal is feeling

sympathy
(an expression of) understanding and care for someone else’s suffering

sincerely
honestly and without pretending or lying

rescue
to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful, or unpleasant situation

dig
to break up and move soil using a tool, a machine, or your hands

shelter
(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack

republic
a country without a king or queen, usually governed by elected representatives of the people and a president

turn to
to ask a person or organization for help or support

fee
an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service

guidance
help and advice about how to do something or about how to deal with problems connected with your work, education, or personal relationships

mankind
the whole of the human race, including both men and women

devote himself to stopping
to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person

anti-
opposed to or against

league
a group of people or countries who join together because they have the same interest

principle
a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

mean
frightening and likely to become violent

blow up
to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb, or to be destroyed or killed by a bomb

be sentenced to
to decide and say officially what a punishment will be

cruelty
cruel behaviour or a cruel action
cruel: extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to people or animals intentionally

keep active
busy with a particular activity，have a lot to do

mercy
kindness that makes you forgive someone, usually someone that you have authority over

lose heart
to stop believing that you can succeed

maid
a woman who works as a servant in a hotel or in someone’s home

vase
a container used for holding cut flowers or for decoration

dynasty
a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family, or a period when a country is ruled by them

reception
the place in a hotel or office building where people go when they first arrive

hall
the area just inside the main entrance of a house, apartment, or other building that leads to other rooms and usually to the stairs

valuable
worth a lot of money

think highly of
to admire or say admiring things about someone:

fancy
decorative or complicated

castle
a large strong building, built in the past by a ruler or important person to protect the people inside from attack

troops
soldiers on duty in a large group

explode
to break up into pieces violently, or to cause something to do this

debate
(a) serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part

on and on
continuing for a long time

informal
(of situations) not formal or official, or (of clothing, behaviour, speech) suitable when you are with friends and family but not for official occasions

take sth apart
to separate something into its different parts

sink
to dig a hole in the ground, or to put something into a hole dug into the ground

give away
to tell people something secret, often without intending to

trial
the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter

treasure
very valuable things, usually in the form of a store of precious metals, precious stones, or money

swift
happening or moving quickly or within a short time, especially in a smooth and easy way

stand for
to support or represent a particular idea or set of ideas

motto
a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief or purpose

ancient
of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time

slave
a person who is legally owned by someone else and has to work for that person

gymnastics
physical exercises and activities performed inside, often using equipment such as bars and ropes, intended to increase the body’s strength and the ability to move and bend easily

stadium
a large closed area of land with rows of seats around the sides and often with no roof, used for sports events and musical performances

gymnasium
a large room with equipment for exercising the body and increasing strength

bargain
to try to make someone agree to give you something that is better for you, such as a better price or better working conditions

in charge
being the person who has control of or is responsible for someone or something

fine
to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law

chip
a very small piece of semiconductor, especially in a computer, that contains extremely small electronic circuits and devices, and can perform particular operations

tube
a long cylinder made from plastic, metal, rubber, or glass, especially used for moving or containing liquids or gases

revolution
a big change or improvement in the way that something works or looks, or in the way that people do a particular activity

arise
to start to happen or exist

artificial
made by people, often as a copy of something natural

intelligence
the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or have opinions that are based on reason

rocket
a large cylinder-shaped object that moves very fast by forcing out burning gases, used for space travel or as a weapon

instruct
to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way

android
a robot (= machine controlled by computer) that is made to look like a human

the human race
all the people in the world, considered as a group

mop

• to use a mop to wash something
• a stick with soft material attached to one end, especially used for washing floors

watch over
to protect someone and make certain that they are safe

naughty
When children are naughty, or their behaviour is naughty, they behave badly or do not do what they are told to do.

virus
a computer program or part of a computer program that can make copies of itself and is intended to prevent the computer from working normally

in a way
from some points of view

universal
existing everywhere or involving everyone

dinosaur
a type of reptile that became extinct about 65,000,000 years ago. There were many different types of dinosaur, some of which were extremely large.

die out
to become less common and finally stop existing

incident
an event that is either unpleasant or unusual

wildlife
animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions

fur
the thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals, or the hair-covered skin(s) of animals, removed from their bodies

carpet
(a shaped piece of) thick material used for covering floors

reserve
an area of land kept in its natural state, especially for wild animals to live in and be protected

grassland
a large area of land covered with grass

rub
to press or be pressed against something with a circular or up-and-down repeated movement

insect
a type of very small animal with six legs, a body divided into three parts and usually two pairs of wings, or, more generally, any similar very small animal

fierce
physically violent and frightening

mosquito
a small flying insect that bites people and animals and sucks their blood

inspection
the act of looking at something carefully in order to discover information

burst into laughter
to suddenly begin to laugh

in relief
a feeling of happiness that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended

band
a group of musicians who play modern music together

dip into
quick look

folk
modern music and songs that are written in a style similar to that of traditional music

devotion
loyalty and love or care for someone or something

form
to begin to exist or to make something begin to exist

roll
to (cause something to) move somewhere by turning over and over or from side to side

frog
a small animal that has smooth skin, lives in water and on land, has long powerful back legs with which it jumps from place to place, has no tail, and is usually greenish-brown in colour

rely on
to need a particular thing or the help and support of someone or something in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed

instrument
an object, such as a piano, guitar, or drum, that is played to produce musical sounds

pub
a place, especially in Great Britain or Ireland, where alcoholic drinks can be bought and drunk and where food is often available

passer–by
someone who is going past a particular place

humorous
funny, or making you laugh

broadcast
a television or radio programme

record
to store sounds or moving pictures using electronic equipment so that they can be heard or seen later

or so
approximately, about, around, close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time

copy
a single book, newspaper, record, or other printed or recorded text of which many have been produced

break up
the coming to an end of a business or personal relationship, caused by the separation of those involved

above all
most importantly

agricultural
used for farming or relating to farming

feast
a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people

christian
someone who believes in and follows the teachings of Jesus Christ

religious
relating to religion

ancestor
a person related to you who lived a long time ago

play tricks on
to confuse someone or cause problem for them

drown
to cover or be covered, especially with a liquid

crop
(the total amount collected of) a plant such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable grown in large amounts:

weep
to cry tears

poet
a person who writes poems

set off
to start on a trip

harvest
the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields, or the activity of cutting and collecting them, or the crops that are cut and collected

wipe
to slide something, especially a piece of cloth, over the surface of something else, in order to remove dirt, food, or liquid

playground
a place where a particular group of people enjoy themselves

lot
an area of land

energetically
with a lot of energy

rooster
an adult male chicken

barbecue
a meal that is prepared and eaten outdoors using such a frame, often during a party

bacon
meat from the back or sides of a pig, often eaten fried in thin slices

fried
cooked in hot oil or fat

breast
the meat from the front part of the body of a bird or other animal

mutton
the meat from an adult sheep eaten as food

roast
to cook food in an oven or over a fire

pepper
a grey or white powder produced by crushing dry peppercorns, used to give a spicy, hot taste to food

garlic
a plant of the onion family that has a strong taste and smell and is used in cooking to add flavour

debt
something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something

slimming
the act of trying to become thinner by eating less food

eggplant
an oval, purple vegetable that is white inside and is usually eaten cooked

raw
(of food) not cooked

cucumber
a long, thin, pale green vegetable with dark green skin, usually eaten uncooked in salads

vinegar
a sharp-tasting liquid, made especially from sour wine, malt, or cider, that is used to add flavour to or to preserve food

fibre
a substance in certain foods, such as fruit, vegetables, and brown bread, that travels through the body as waste and helps the contents of the bowels to pass through the body easily

digestion
the process by which your body digests food, or your ability to digest food
digest to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use

despite
without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by

glare
a long, angry look

curiosity
an eager wish to know or learn about something

sigh
to breathe out slowly and noisily, expressing tiredness, sadness, pleasure, etc.

bean
a seed, or the pod containing seeds, of various climbing plants, eaten as a vegetable

mushroom
a fungus with a round top and short stem. Some types of mushroom can be eaten

sail
When a boat or a ship sails, it travels on the water.

genuine
If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be.

wander
to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction

pavement
a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, that people walk on

bay
a part of the coast where the land curves in so that the sea is surrounded by land on three sides

embassy

1. the group of people who represent their country in a foreign country
2. the building that these people work in

ambassador
an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country

rude manners

rude not polite; offensive or embarrassing
manners polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public

bow
to bend your head or body forward, especially as a way of showing someone respect or expressing thanks to people who have watched you perform

account for
to explain the reason for something or the cause of something

contrary
opposite

spot
to see or notice someone or something, usually because you are looking hard

rag
a torn piece of old cloth

steak
a thick, flat piece of meat or fish, especially meat from a cow

pineapple
(the yellow flesh and juice of) a large tropical fruit with a rough orange or brown skin and pointed leaves on top

aboard
on or onto a ship, aircraft, bus, or train

passage
a journey, especially over the sea
work your passage to do work on a ship during your trip instead of paying for a ticket

barber
a man whose job is cutting men’s hair

religion
the belief in and worship of a god or gods, or any such system of belief and worship

physicist
a person who studies physics or whose job is connected with physics

gravity
the force that attracts objects towards one another, especially the force that makes things fall to the ground

astronomer
someone who studies astronomy
astronomy the scientific study of the universe and of objects that exist naturally in space, such as the moon, the sun, planets, and stars

oxygen atom
oxygen a chemical element that is a gas with no smell or colour. Oxygen forms a large part of the air on earth, and is needed by animals and plants to live.
atom the smallest unit of any chemical element, consisting of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. Atoms can combine to form a molecule:

carbon dioxide
the gas carbon dioxide, which is the gas formed when carbon is burned or when people or animals breathe out

atmosphere
the mixture of gases around the earth

satellite
a device sent up into space to travel around the earth, used for collecting information or communicating by radio, television, etc.

biologist
a scientist who studies biology
biology the scientific study of the natural processes of living things

now that
used to give an explanation of a new situation

globe
the world

multiply
of living things, to increase by producing new young animals, bacteria, etc.

masses of
a large amount or number

acid
containing acid, or having similar qualities to an acid

break out
If something dangerous or unpleasant breaks out, it suddenly starts.

approximately
close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time

aboard the train
aboard on or onto a ship, aircraft, bus, or train

settled down
to become quiet and calm, or to make someone become quiet and calm

Prime Minister
the leader of the government in some countries

mixture
a substance made from a combination of different substances, or any combination of different things

race
one of the main groups to which people are often considered to belong, based on physical characteristics that they are perceived to share such as skin colour, eye shape, etc.

fall
often used in place names to mean a very wide waterfall, often made of many separate waterfalls

buffet
a meal where people serve themselves different types of food

scenery
the general appearance of the natural environment, especially when it is beautiful

harbour
an area of water next to the coast, often protected from the sea by a thick wall, where ships and boats can shelter

in the distance
at a point that is far away

wealthy
rich

urban
of or in a city or town

maple
a type of large tree that grows in northern areas of the world, or the wood of this tree

acre
a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres or 4,840 square yards

eagle
a large, strong bird with a curved beak that eats meat and can see very well

bush
a plant with many small branches growing either directly from the ground or from a hard stem, giving the plant a rounded shape

slightly
a little

misty
If the weather is misty, there is mist in the air that makes it difficult to see into the distance

dawn
the period in the day when light from the sun begins to appear in the sky

frost
the thin, white layer of ice that forms when the air temperature is below the freezing point of water, especially outside at night

broad
very wide

booth
a small space like a box that a person can go into

nest
a structure built by birds or insects to leave their eggs in to develop, and by some other animals to give birth or live in

lead a poor life

look down upon

come across

move off
to change from one subject to another when talking or writing ❓

inspire
to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it

institute
an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses

modest
not usually talking about or making obvious your own abilities and achievements

put others into(in) the shade
to be so good that another person or thing does not seem important or worth very much

welfare
help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money

worthwhile
useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made

bond
a close connection joining two or more people

decade
a period of ten years

rid
to free a person or place of something unwanted or harmful

disturbing
making you feel worried or upset

skim through
to read or look at something quickly to understand the main points, without studying it in detail

underline
to emphasize(to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to)

occupation
a person’s job

statistics
information based on a study of the number of times something happens or is present, or other numerical facts

circulate
to send something such as information, ideas, or documents from one person to another:

grain
a seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass such as rice or wheat

nutrition
the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health

bacteria (plural of bacterium)
a type of very small organism that lives in air, earth, water, plants, and animals, often one that causes disease

pest
an insect or small animal that is harmful or damages crops

mineral
a valuable or useful chemical substance that is formed naturally in the ground

fertilizer
a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well

extraordinary
very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange

performer
a person who entertains people by acting, singing, dancing, or playing music

star in
If a film, play, etc. stars someone, or if someone stars in a film, play, etc., they are the main actor in it:

outstanding
clearly very much better than what is usual

moustache
hair that a man grows above his upper lip

gesture
a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling

whisper
to speak very quietly, using the breath but not the voice, so that only the person close to you can hear you

content
pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement

verbal
spoken rather than written

astonished
very surprised

badly-off
in a difficult financial situation

worn-out
no longer usable because of too much use

overcome
to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something

porridge
a thick, soft food made from oats boiled in milk or water, eaten hot for breakfast

leather
animal skin treated in order to preserve it, and used to make shoes, bags, clothes, equipment, etc.

chew
to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it can be swallowed

amusing
entertaining and funny

burst

1. to break open or apart suddenly, or to make something do this
2. to feel a strong emotion, or strong wish to do something

statement
something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion

facial
of or on the face

yawn
to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored

swing
to move an object or your fist in an attempt to hit something or someone

fist
a hand with the fingers and thumb held tightly in

subjective
influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts

crossroad
a road that crosses another road

represent
to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people

association
a group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose

dormitory
a large room containing many beds, for example in a boarding school

canteen
a place in a factory, office, etc. where food and meals are sold and can be eaten, often at a lower than usual price

approach
to come near or nearer to something or someone

dash
to go somewhere quickly

cheek
the soft part of your face that is below your eye and between your mouth and ear

defend
to protect someone or something against attack or criticism

cassette
a flat rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material that is used to record sound and/or pictures, or a machine that uses such devices

at ease
relaxed

shuttle
a vehicle or aircraft that travels regularly between two places

freeway
a wide road for fast-moving traffic, especially in the US, with a limited number of places at which drivers can enter and leave it

come to life
to become more exciting or start to seem more real

sneaker
a type of light, comfortable shoe that is suitable for playing sports

in advance
before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing

admission
the money that you pay to enter a place

attraction
An attraction is also something that makes people want to go to a place:

brochure
a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company

minority
a group of people in a country or area who are of a different race, or have a different culture or religion to that of most other people there

deed
an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one

settler
a person who arrives, especially from another country, in a new place in order to live there and use the land

swing
to move easily and without interruption backwards and forwards or from one side to the other, especially from a fixed point, or to cause something or someone to do this

creature
any large or small living thing that can move independently

jungle
a tropical forest in which trees and plants grow very closely together

sword
a weapon with a long, sharp metal blade and a handle, used especially in the past

tournament
a competition for teams or single players in which a series of games is played, and the winners of each game play against each other until only one winner is left

souvenir
something you buy or keep to help you remember a holiday or special event

carpenter
a person whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures

figure
a person of a particular kind, especially one who is important or distinctive in some way ❓

athletic
of or relating to sports

model
to copy or create something based on something else

pump
a piece of equipment that is used to cause liquid, air, or gas to move from one place to another

defeat
to cause someone or something to fail

severe
causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very serious

characteristic
a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something

physician
a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon

instruct
to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way

attend to sb
to help someone or deal with something

enthusiastic
eager to do or have something

foresee
to know about something before it happens

pollute
to make an area or substance, usually air, water, or soil, dirty or harmful to people, animals, and plants, especially by adding harmful chemicals

put forward
to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider

contributed
to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people

apart from
except for or not considering

cautiously
in a careful and well-considered way that avoids risk

radium
a radioactive chemical element that is used in the treatment of some diseases, especially cancer

radioactive
having or producing powerful and dangerous energy that comes from the breaking up of atoms

absorb
to take something in, especially gradually

radiation
a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health:

spin
to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast

sightseeing
the activity of visiting interesting places, especially by people on holiday

delight
a feeling of great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness

institution
a custom or tradition that has existed for a long time and is accepted as an important part of a particular society

quarrel
an angry disagreement between two or more people or groups

leave out
to not include someone or something

headquarter
to have the main offices of an organization in a particular place

Communism Union

Communism the belief in a society without different social classes in which the methods of production are owned and controlled by all its members, and everyone works as much as they can and receives what they need, or a social and political system based on this belief

Union the act or the state of being joined together

break down

splendid
excellent, or beautiful and impressive

architecture
a particular type of building

to someone’s credit
used to say that someone should be praised for something, although there may be other things about them that are not good

consistent
always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way

thrilled
extremely happy about something

consisting of
to be made of or formed from something

statue
an object made from a hard material, especially stone or metal, to look like a person or animal

royal
belonging or connected to a king or queen or a member of their family

fold
to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part, or to be able to be bent in this way

tank
a container that holds liquid or gas

exhibit
an object that is shown to the public in a museum, etc.

typist
a person whose job is to type letters, reports, and other documents

tolerate
to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

postage
the money that you pay for sending letters and parcels through the post

greedy
wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need

representative
someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people

ecology
the relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants, etc., usually of a particular area, or the scientific study of this

dustbin
a large container for rubbish from a house or other building, usually made of strong plastic or metal and kept outside

impression
an idea or opinion of what something or someone is like

aspect
one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.

swallow
to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth into your stomach by using the muscles of your throat

constantly
all the time or often

steward
a person who serves passengers on a ship or aircraft

instantly
immediately

switch
a small device, usually pushed up or down with your finger, that controls and turns on or off an electric current

capsule
a small container with medicine inside that you swallow

tablet
a small, solid piece of medicine

optimistic
hoping or believing that good things will happen in the future

sweep up
to clean something

mud
earth that has been mixed with water

settlement
a place where people come to live or the process of settling in such a place

carriage
a vehicle with four wheels that is usually pulled by horses and was used mainly in the past

delighted
very pleased

amateur
taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job

dilemma
a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do

concentrate
to direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem

be informed of
to tell someone something

accurate
correct, exact, and without any mistakes

demand
to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused

assess
to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something

deliberately
intentionally, to have as a plan or purpose

skeptical
doubting that something is true or useful

thorough
detailed and careful

polish
improve, refine, or add the finishing touches to

first aid
basic medical treatment that is given to someone as soon as possible after they have been hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill

fall ill
to change to a particular condition from a different one

organ
a part of the body of a person, animal, or plant that performs a special job

infrared ray stove

infrared Infrared light is a type of light that feels warm but cannot be seen
ray a narrow beam of light, heat, etc. travelling in a straight line from its place of origin
stove a large box-shaped device that is used to cook and heat food, either by putting the food inside or by putting it on the top

choked
If you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat

kettle
a container for boiling water, that has a lid, handle, and spout and is made from plastic or metal

wrist
the part of the body between the hand and the arm

electric shock
a sudden painful feeling that you get when electricity flows through your body

pan
a metal container that is round and often has a long handle and a lid, used for cooking things on top of a cooker

symptom
any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease

squeeze
to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size, or remove liquid from it

bandage
a long, narrow piece of cloth that is tied around an injury or a part of someone’s body that has been hurt

firmly
in a way that will not become loose

in place
If something is in place, it is in its usual or correct position

scissors
a device used for cutting materials such as paper, cloth, and hair, consisting of two sharp blades that are joined in the middle, and two handles with holes to put your fingers through

sleeve
the part of a piece of clothing that covers some or all of the arm

pour
to make a substance flow from a container, especially into another container, by raising just one side of the container that the substance is in

basin
an open, round container shaped like a bowl with sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid
a basin of the amount of something that a basin can hold

damp
slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable

blouse
a shirt for a woman or girl

swollen
larger than usual

tissue
a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose, and form the stated part of the animal or plant

inspire
to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it

make a difference
to improve a situation

ceremony
(a set of) formal acts, often fixed and traditional, performed on important social or religious occasions

barrier
anything used or acting to block someone from going somewhere or from doing something, or to block something from happening

controversial
causing disagreement or discussion

delicate
able to measure very small changes

adopt
to accept or start to use something new

impact
a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person

sculpture
the art of forming solid objects that represent a thing, person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal, or stone, or an object made in this way

carved
to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc.

marble
a type of very hard rock that has a pattern of lines going through it, feels cold, and can be polished to become smooth and shiny

fragile
A fragile object is easily damaged or broken

clay
thick, heavy soil that is soft when wet, and hard when dry or baked, used for making bricks and containers

conventional
traditional and ordinary

scholar
a person who studies a subject in great detail, especially at a university

allergic
having a strong dislike of something

evidently
in a way that is easy to see

geometry
the area of mathematics relating to the study of space and the relationships between points, lines, curves, and surfaces

committee
a small group of people chosen to represent a larger organization and either make decisions or collect information for it

predict
to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as a result of knowledge or experience

permanent
lasting for a long time or for ever

possession
something that you own or that you are carrying with you at a particular time

contemporary
existing or happening now, and therefore seeming modern

civilization
human society with its well developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time

scores of
a lot of things or people

superb
of excellent quality; very great

appeal
to interest or attract someone

preference
the fact that you like something or someone more than another thing or person

aggressive
showing anger and a willingness to attack other people

consequently
as a result

reputation
the opinion that people in general have about someone or something, or how much respect or admiration someone or something receives, based on past behaviour or character

in the flesh
in real life, and not on TV, in a film, in a picture, etc.

fragrant
with a pleasant smell

accompany
to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something

violinist
a person who plays a violin
a wooden musical instrument with four strings that is held against the neck and played by moving a bow across the strings

bride
a woman who is about to get married or has just got married

bridegroom
a man who is about to get married or has just got married

appropriate
suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion

convey
to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people

sorrow
(a cause of) a feeling of great sadness

contradictory
If two or more facts, pieces of advice, etc. are contradictory, they are very different from each other

championship
a high-level competition to decide who is the best, especially in a sport

diploma
a document given by a school, college, or university to show that you have successfully completed a course of study

concrete
clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt

nursery rhyme
a short and usually very old poem or song for young children

sparrow
a small, grey-brown bird that is especially common in towns

load
the amount of weight carried

compass
a device for finding direction with a needle that can move easily and that always points to magnetic north

sweat
the clear, salty liquid that you pass through your skin

thread
(a length of) a very thin fibre

cottage
a small house, usually in the countryside

tease
to laugh at someone or say unkind things about them, either because you are joking or because you want to upset that person

bare
without any clothes or not covered by anything

diamond
a transparent, extremely hard precious stone that is used in jewellery, and in industry for cutting hard things

adolescent
a young person who is developing into an adult

comprehension
the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.

addicted
unable to stop taking drugs, or doing something as a habit

lung
either of the two organs in the chest with which people and some animals breathe

alcohol
a clear liquid that can make you drunk, also used as a solvent (= a substance that dissolves another) and in fuel and medicines

abnormal
different from what is usual or average, especially in a way that is bad

abuse
to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong

withdrawal
the act or process of taking something away so that it is no longer available, or of someone stopping being involved in an activity

accustomed
familiar with something

needle
a very thin, hollow, pointed piece of metal that is connected to a syringe and used to take blood from the body or to put drugs or medicine in

infect
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant

prejudice
an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge

awkward
difficult to use, do, or deal with

appendix
a separate part at the end of a report, legal document, book, etc. which gives extra information

state
to say or write something, especially clearly and carefully

on behalf of
representing

presentation
a talk giving information about something

tendency
If there is a tendency for something to happen, it is likely to happen or it often happens.

fuel
a substance that is used to provide heat or power, usually by being burned

steadily
gradually

catastrophe
a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction

widespread
existing or happening in many places and/or among many people

subscribe
to give support, sanction, or approval; consent or agree (to)

existence
the fact of something or someone existing

consume
to use fuel, energy, time, or a product, especially in large amounts

phenomenon
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting

commitment
willingness to give your time and energy to a job, activity, or something that you believe in

advocate
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something

circumstance
a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is

appliance
a device, machine, or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine

casual
not taking or not seeming to take much interest

as/so long as
used to say that something must happen before something else can happen

put up with
to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly

candidate
a person who is competing to get a job or elected position

evaluate
to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something

diverse
including many different types of people or things

hurricane
a violent wind that has a circular movement, especially in the West Atlantic Ocean:

typhoon
a violent wind that has a circular movement, found in the West Pacific Ocean

questionnaire
a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something

volcano
a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through which lava (= hot liquid rock) gases, steam, and dust are or have been forced out

bungalow
a house that usually has only one storey (= level), sometimes with a smaller upper storey set in the roof and windows that come out from the roof

appreciation
the act of recognizing or understanding that something is valuable, important, or as described

eruption
an occasion when a volcano explodes, and flames and rocks come out of it, or the act of doing this

balcony
an area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level

ash
the soft grey or black powder that is left after a substance, especially tobacco, coal, or wood, has burned

lava
hot liquid rock that comes out of the earth through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it cools

fountain
a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows

unconscious
in the state of not being awake and not aware of things around you, especially as the result of a head injury

panicking(panic)
a sudden strong feeling of fear that prevents reasonable thought and action

trembling
shaking slightly in a way that you cannot control, for example because you are frightened, angry, or excited, or because of illness

boot
a type of shoe that covers the whole foot and the lower part of the leg

precious
of great value because of being rare, expensive, or important

bowling
a game played inside, in which you roll a heavy ball down a track to try to knock down a group of pins (= tall, thin wooden objects)

conduct
to organize and perform a particular activity

microscope
a device that uses lenses to make very small objects look larger, so that they can be scientifically examined and studied

tank
a container that holds liquid or gas

bench
a long table for working on, for example when you are making something

as well as
in addition (to)

clumsy
awkward in movement or manner

parrot
a tropical bird with a curved beak, often kept as a pet and trained to copy the human voice

tortoise
an animal with a thick, hard shell that it can move its head and legs into for protection. It eats plants, moves very slowly, and sleeps during the winter.

psychology
the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular person’s character on their behaviour

adapt
to change, or to change something, to suit different conditions or uses

accessible
able to be reached or easily obtained

literature
written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value

absence
the fact of not being where you are usually expected to be

handy
useful or convenient

means
a method or way of doing something

thesis
a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher college or university degree

abolish
to end an activity or custom officially

slavery
the activity of legally owning other people who are forced to work for or obey you

companion
a person you spend a lot of time with often because you are friends or because you are travelling together

drum
a musical instrument, especially one made from a skin stretched over the end of a hollow tube or bowl, played by hitting with the hand or a stick

firm
a company offering a professional service, for example a company of lawyers

All in all
considering all the different parts of the situation together

dignity
calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you

adequate
enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose

bound
certain or extremely likely to happen

theoretical
based on the ideas that relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject

biochemical
connected with the chemistry of living things

clerk
a person who works in an office, dealing with records or performing general office duties

grand
impressive and large or important

elegant
graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour

cushion
a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on

biography
the life story of a person written by someone else

absurd
stupid and unreasonable, or silly in a humorous way

fiction
the type of book or story that is written about imaginary characters and events and not based on real people and facts

envy
to wish that you had something that another person has

leisure
the time when you are not working or doing other duties

accompaniment
to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something

holy
very religious or pure

affection
a feeling of liking for a person or place

trim
to make something tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it

apron
a piece of clothing worn over the front of other clothes to keep them clean when doing a dirty or messy job, especially cooking

cuisine
a style of cooking

piles of
a lot of something

turn around
any change from one thing to its opposite

accommodation
a place to stay or live

pension
an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or have become ill

shore
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river

vivid
very brightly coloured

telescope
a cylinder-shaped device for making objects that are far away look closer and larger, using a combination of lenses, or lenses and curved mirrors

boundary
a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something

steep
(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle

reef
a line of rocks or sand just above or just below the surface of the sea, often dangerous to ships

seaweed
a green, brown, or dark red plant that grows in the sea or on land very close to the sea

Antarctic
the very cold area around the South Pole that includes Antarctica and the surrounding seas

seal
a large mammal that eats fish and lives partly in the sea and partly on land or ice

cell
the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal

neat
tidy, with everything in its place

lip
one of the two soft parts that form the upper and lower edges of the mouth

tide
the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day

jog
to push or knock someone or something slightly, especially with your arm

urge
to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing

flee
to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear

net
material made of threads of rope, string, wire, or plastic with spaces between them, allowing gas, liquid, or small objects to go through, or an object made with this material that is used to limit the movement of something

shallow
having only a short distance from the top to the bottom

yell
to shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain, or excited

suck
to pull in liquid or air through your mouth without using your teeth, or to move the tongue and muscles of the mouth around something inside your mouth, often in order to dissolve it

witness
a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident

anecdotes
a short, often funny story, especially about something someone has done

dimension
a part or feature or way of considering something

astronaut
a person who has been trained for travelling in space

sniff
to smell something by taking air in through your nose

interpreter
someone whose job is to change what someone else is saying into another language

fortnight
a period of two weeks

privilege
an opportunity to do something special or enjoyable

muddy
covered by or containing mud (= wet, sticky earth)

broom
a brush with a long handle and bristles (= short, stiff hairs or pieces of plastic), used for cleaning the floor or the ground

tin
a closed metal container in which food is sold

jar
a glass or clay container with a wide opening at the top and sometimes a fitted lid, usually used for storing food

rectangular
shaped like a rectangle

rectangle a flat shape with four 90° angles and four sides, with opposite sides of equal length

hut
a small, simple building, usually consisting of one room

weed
any wild plant that grows in an unwanted place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents the cultivated plants from growing freely

voluntary
done, made, or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it

donation
money or goods that are given to help a person or organization, or the act of giving them

sew
to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle

tailor
someone whose job is to repair, make, and adjust (= make changes to) clothes, especially someone who makes jackets, trousers, coats, etc. for men

tractor
a motor vehicle with large back wheels and thick tyres, used on farms for pulling machinery

catalogue
to record something, especially in a list

clinic
a building, often part of a hospital, to which people can go for medical care or advice relating to a particular condition

trunk

1. a large, strong container that is used for storing clothes and personal possessions, often when travelling or going to live in a new place
2. a covered space at the back of a car, for storing things in

raise
to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown

oxen
a bull (= male cow)

grill
a frame of metal bars over a fire on which food can be put to be cooked

comb
a flat piece of plastic, wood, or metal with a thin row of long, narrow parts along one side, used to tidy and arrange your hair

be dying to
to be extremely eager to have or do something

adjust
to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

deed
an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one

enterprise
an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money

tomb
a large stone structure or underground room where someone, especially an important person, is buried

drill
a tool or machine that makes holes

parallel
used to describe an event or situation that happens at the same time as and/or is similar to another one

occupy
to fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time

lecture
a formal talk on a serious subject given to a group of people, especially students

seminar
an occasion when a teacher or expert and a group of people meet to study and discuss something

draft
to write the first version of a document such as a letter, essay, or law, which may have details added, changed, or corrected later

contradict
(of people) to say the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong

tutor
a teacher at a British college or university who teaches one student or a small group

fit in
to feel that you belong to a particular group and are accepted by that group

idiom
a group of words in a fixed order that has a particular meaning that is different from the meanings of each word on its own

out of the question
not possible or not allowed

optional
If something is optional, you can choose if you want to do it, pay it, buy it, etc.

cafeteria
a restaurant (often in a factory, a college, or an office building) where people collect food and drink from a serving area and take it to a table themselves after paying for it

abundant
more than enough

substitutes
to use something or someone instead of another thing or person

numb
If a part of your body is numb, you are unable to feel it, usually for a short time

barking
crazy or extremely silly

autonomous
independent and having the power to make your own decisions

bachelor’s degree
a first degree at college or university

boom
a period of sudden economic growth, especially one that results in a lot of money being made

team up
to join another person, or form a group with other people, in order to do something together

strait
a narrow area of sea that connects two larger areas of sea

Arctic
the very cold area around the North Pole

ferry
a boat or ship for taking passengers and often vehicles across an area of water, especially as a regular service

pole
either of the two points at the most northern and most southern ends of the earth, around which the earth turns

seagull
a bird that lives near the sea and has short legs, long wings, and white and grey feathers

mourn
to feel or express great sadness, especially because of someone’s death

cattle
a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat

Catholic
Roman Catholic 天主教

immigrant
a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently

resident
a person who lives or has their home in a place

distinctly
in a way that is clearly separate and different from something else

mark out
to show the shape or position of something by drawing a line around it

indicate
to show, point, or make clear in another way:

racial
happening between people of different races

conductor
a railway official who travels on and is responsible for a train

brake
to make a vehicle go slower or stop, using its brake or brakes

rail
one of the two metal bars attached to the ground on which trains travel

elect
to decide on or choose, especially to choose a person for a particular job, by voting

vice
used as part of the title of particular positions. The person who holds one of these positions is next below in authority to the person who holds the full position and can act for them

chairman
a person in charge of a meeting or organization

the Socialist Party
社会党

occur
(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen

grasp
If you grasp an opportunity, you take it eagerly

civil
not military or religious, or relating to the ordinary people of a country

authority
a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity

justice
the system of laws in a country that judges and punishes people

ministry
in Britain and some other countries, a department of the government led by a minister

before long
soon

pay off
If something you have done pays off, it is successful

hatch
to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out

feather
one of the many soft, light things that cover a bird’s body, consisting of a long, thin, central part with material like hairs along each side

claw
one of the sharp curved nails at the end of each of the toes of some animals and birds

breakthrough
an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem

adore
to love someone very much, especially in a way that shows a lot of admiration or respect, or to like something very much

resist
to fight against something or someone that is attacking you

drawback
a disadvantage or the negative part of a situation

cast down
lower someone’s spirits; make downhearted

merely
only；used to emphasize that you mean exactly what you are saying and nothing more

strike (struck)
to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly

frustration
disappointment or discouragement, or a discouraging situation

attain
to reach or succeed in getting something

opera
a musical play in which all or most of the words are sung, or plays and music of this type

chorus
a group of people who are trained to sing together

relieve
to improve an unpleasant situation

depression
the state of feeling very unhappy and without hope for the future

afterwards
after the time mentioned

conservative
not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change

object
to feel or express opposition, dislike, or disapproval

moral
relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person believes in, rather than to laws

constitution
the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs

compulsory
If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law

regulation
an official rule or the act of controlling something

commercial
related to making money by buying and selling things

arbitrary

1. based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason
2. using unlimited personal power without considering other people’s rights or wishes

assumption
something that you accept as true without question or proof

undertake
to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult

straightforward
easy to understand or simple

procedure
a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something

loaf
bread or cake that is shaped and baked in a single piece and can be sliced for eating

flour
powder made from grain, especially wheat, used for making bread, cakes, pasta, pastry, etc.

accumulate
to collect a large number of things over a long period of time

vain
unsuccessful; of no value

a side road
a smaller road off a main road

set about
to start to do or deal with something

patent
the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years

court
a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty

personnel
the people working in an organization or for a particular type of employer

competent
able to do something well

dynamic
having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm

passive
not acting to influence or change a situation; allowing other people to be in control

identification
the act of recognizing and naming someone or something

criterion(criteria)
a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something

distinguish

1. to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another
2. to see, hear, or experience something, esp. with difficulty

beaten
A beaten path or track is one that people walk along regularly so that the ground has become hard and the path is clear.

lantern
a light inside a container that has a handle for holding it or hanging it up, or the container itself

forehead
the flat part of the face, above the eyes and below the hair

cubic
Having the shape of a cube

cube a solid object with six square sides of equal size

walnut
a nut with a slightly bitter taste, a series of folds in it, and a hard shell

straw
the dried, yellow stems of crops such as wheat, used as food for animals or as a layer on the ground for animals to lie on, and for making traditional objects

perfume
a liquid with a pleasant smell, usually made from oils taken from flowers or spices and often used on the skin

triangle
a flat shape with three straight sides

stainless
with no marks on it, or made of a substance that is not damaged by air or water and that does not change colour

wire
a piece of thin metal thread that can be bent, used for fastening things and for making particular types of objects that are strong but can bend

string
(a piece of) strong, thin rope made by twisting very thin threads together, used for fastening and tying things

dial
to operate a phone or make a phone call to someone by choosing a particular series of numbers on the phone

merciful
kind and forgiving

abrupt
sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant

powder
a loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces, usually made by breaking something up and crushing it

greengrocer
a person who owns or works in a shop that sells fresh vegetables and fruit

ripe
(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eaten

jam
a sweet, soft food made by cooking fruit with sugar to preserve it. It is eaten on bread.

seize
to take something quickly and keep or hold it

caution
great care and attention

sober
to become more calm and serious, or to make someone do this

ambassador
an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country

referee
a person who is in charge of a sports game and who makes certain that the rules are followed

caption
a short piece of text under a picture in a book or article that describes the picture or explains what the people in it are doing or saying

Buddhistic
of or relating to or supporting Buddhism 佛教的

alphabet
a set of letters arranged in a fixed order, used for writing a language

sob
to cry noisily, taking in deep breaths

antique
something made in an earlier period that is collected and considered to have value because it is beautiful, rare, old, or of high quality

bathtub
a long plastic, metal, or ceramic container that is filled with water so that you can sit or lie in it to wash your whole body

garment
a piece of clothing

handkerchief
a square piece of cloth or paper used for cleaning the nose or drying the eyes when they are wet with tears

waist
the part of the body above and slightly narrower than the hips

a handful of
an amount of something that can be held in one hand

penny(pence)
the smallest unit of money in the UK, of which there are 100 in a pound, or a small coin worth this much. You use “pence” or, more informally, “p” when you are talking about the units of money and pennies when you are talking about the coins themselves.

troublesome
causing a lot of problems for someone

remark
to give a spoken statement of an opinion or thought

condemn
to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons

in terms of
used to describe which particular area of a subject you are discussing

classify
to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to

vest
to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to

whistle
to make a high sound by forcing air through a small hole or passage, especially through the lips, or through a special device held to the lips

acquaintance
used in some expressions about knowing or meeting people

compromise
an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree

outcome
a result or effect of an action, situation, etc.

authentic
If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is

superior
having a higher position than someone else in a company or organization

rub
to press or be pressed against something with a circular or up-and-down repeated movement

cream
a soft substance that you rub into your skin

wax
a solid substance containing a lot of fat that becomes soft and melts when warm

pass off as
to pretend that something is a particular thing when it is not

shabby
looking old and in bad condition because of being used for a long time or not being cared for

plot
a secret plan made by several people to do something that is wrong, harmful, or not legal, especially to do damage to a person or a government

adaptation
the process of changing to suit different conditions

significance

1. importance
2. special meaning

punctuation
(the use of) special symbols that you add to writing to separate phrases and sentences to show that something is a question, etc.

receptionist
a person who works in a place such as a hotel, office, or hospital, who welcomes and helps visitors and answers the phone

kindergarten
the first year of school, for children aged five

fed up with
If you are fed up with something, you are bored, annoyed, or disappointed because you have experienced it for too long

wrinkled
(of skin) having small lines because of old age

seashell
the empty shell of a small sea creature, often one found lying on the beach

hammer
to hit or kick something with a lot of force

skateboard
a flat, narrow board with two small wheels under each end, which a person stands on and moves forward by pushing one foot on the ground

gram(g)
a unit of measurement of weight equal to 0.001 kilogram

accelerate
to happen or make something happen sooner or faster

pulse
the regular beating of the heart, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck

spears
a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, that is either thrown or held in the hand

beast
an animal, especially a large or wild one

yogurt
a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes eaten plain and sometimes with sugar, fruit, etc. added

hjowling
(of people) making a lot of noise

chest
the upper front part of the body of humans and some animals, between the stomach and the neck, containing the heart and lungs

dizzy
feeling as if everything is turning around, and that you are not able to balance and may fall over

tentative
(of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you are right

systematic
according to an agreed set of methods or organized plan

botanical
involving or relating to plants or the study of plants

spit
to force out the contents of the mouth, especially saliva

mat
a small piece of strong material that covers and protects part of a floor

quilt
a decorative cover for a bed

exhaustion
the state of being extremely tired

starvation
the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death

acute
used to describe intelligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences

primitive
of or typical of an early stage of development; not advanced or complicated in structure

ample
more than enough

alternative
An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one.

accuracy
the fact of being exact or correct

applaud
to say that you admire and agree with a person’s action or decision